"Legea Imigrarii" sustinuta la Washington, intr-o forma favorabila celor aproximativ 12.000.000 de imigranti din SUA, este acum sub asediu din toate partile

WASHINGTON (CNN) -- The Senate Tuesday could debate and vote on two Democratic amendments that would dramatically alter the bipartisan legislation announced last week.

The bill is the result of a deal struck after nearly three months of bipartisan talks and endorsed by the White House last week. It would offer the estimated 12 million undocumented immigrants now in the United States a path to citizenship, boost border controls and establish a guest-worker program that would grant two-year residency for up to 400,000 people. (Interactive:Immigration bill at a glance)

North Dakota Democrat Sen. Byron Dorgan's amendment would eliminate the guest worker program entirely. The amendment offered by Sen. Jeff Bingaman, D-New Mexico, would cut the program in half.

Many Democrats don't like the program because they think it drives down wages for American workers and creates a permanent underclass of immigrant workers. (Watch how the bill is already being blasted from all sides )

Republicans generally favor a strong guest worker program because businesses say they need the labor.

Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-South Carolina, one of the negotiators who crafted the agreement, said he is concerned about both amendments passing but especially Bingaman's because a similar amendment passed last year with 79 votes.

Graham said passage of the amendment "would throw things out of kilter but not completely off track."

No word yet what Republicans will offer as an amendment but Sen. James Inhofe, R-Oklahoma, said Monday he's hoping it will be his proposal to make English the official language of the U.S.

Key bill negotiators are to huddle privately before floor action begins to determine how they'll vote on the various amendments. They say they'll do this each day to ensure they can preserve the "grand bargain" they forged.

The bill survived its first hurdle Monday evening, a 69-23 procedural vote that brought the measure to the Senate floor. Opponents argued the 380-page bill needed closer scrutiny before coming before the chamber, but they fell short of the 41 votes needed to keep it off the floor.

After saying they wanted to act on the bill before the Memorial Day holiday, Senate leaders set aside two weeks for debate, with a week-long break for Memorial Day in between.

Some lawmakers complained they have not yet finished reading the 380-page bill, which was distributed over the weekend.

"Why are we in the midst of this rush to judgment, this rush to pass this bill?" asked Sen. David Vitter, R-Louisiana. "I believe there's a very simple political answer, and it is that if the American people fully understood what is buried in this bill, there would be a massive outcry against it."

Vitter complained that the legislation was coming to the floor without review by Senate committees or an analysis of its financial impact by the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office. And Sen. Jeff Sessions, R-Alabama, said the bill "needs some time to be disinfected by the light of day."

But one of the bill's architects, Massachusetts Democrat Edward Kennedy, called the plan "strong, realistic and fair."

"It provides tough new enforcement at the border and the work site," Kennedy said. "It allows a realistic path to family security and eventual citizenship for millions of men, women and children already here. And it provides a new system for allocating visas in the future that stresses family reunion and national economic needs."

The measure would grant immediate work authorization to undocumented workers who arrived in the United States before January 1, 2007. Heads of households would have to return to their home countries within eight years, with a guaranteed the right to return, and applicants would also have to pay a $5,000 penalty.

Kennedy said to qualify for legal status, undocumented workers have to work, pay taxes, learn English and "get in line for their green cards" behind people who have already applied legally.

It would also give the Department of Homeland Security new tools to crack down on employers who hire illegal immigrants and double the size of the Border Patrol by adding 14,000 new agents.

The bill has drawn fire from conservative critics, who blasted it as "amnesty" for undocumented workers; and from liberals, who say it unfairly limits opportunities for unskilled workers and would split families.

"Instead of punishing these people, a few senators and the administration have crafted a large-scale get-out-of-jail-free pass," said Sen. Jim Bunning, R-Kentucky.

Graham challenged critics to "do more than just shout amnesty."

"This debate is about the future of the United States, when it comes to our national security, our employment needs, our ability to compete with the world for the labor force that exists," he said. "And at the heart of this debate, it's about who we are as a people."

Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid said the bill is "not perfect," and warned that as written, it could end up creating a "permanent underclass" of guest workers. But he said the measure can be amended during debate.

"I think we can all agree that the spirit of bipartisanship behind it is encouraging. We'll continue along that road in the coming days," said Reid, D-Nevada.

But one of the bill's supporters, Pennsylvania Republican Sen. Arlen Specter, said its advocates represent "a very fragile coalition." If the fundamental elements of the proposal are changed, "We're going to run the risk of losing senators," he said.

President Bush backed the measure last week, telling reporters it would treat immigrants "without amnesty but without animosity." A former Texas governor, Bush has long sought to overhaul American immigration policies and successfully courted Latino support during his political career. (Watch Bush administration defend bill and Democrats express doubts )

A CNN/Opinion Research Corp. poll taken in early May found 80 percent support for creating a path for illegal immigrants to seek U.S. citizenship, provided they had a job and paid back taxes. But respondents were closely split on the idea of a guest-worker program, with 48 percent supporting the concept and 50 percent opposed.